Juana of Austria and a Young Girl
painter
Sofonisba Anguissola
(Cremona, about 1532 - 1625, Palermo)
Date1561-1562
Place MadeCremona, Lombardy, Italy, Europe
MediumOil on canvas
Dimensions194 x 108.3 cm (76 3/8 x 42 5/8 in.)
ClassificationsPaintings
Credit LineIsabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston
Accession numberP26w15
eMuseum ID722247
EmbARK ObjectID12221
TMS Source ID1355
Last Updated8/9/24
Status
Not on viewWeb CommentaryIsabella Stewart Gardner bought this painting as a Titian, although she had been warned by Bernard Berenson that the attribution was in some doubt. Perhaps reluctant to disappoint his patron, Berenson changed his mind, and helped Gardner with the purchase. She hung the painting opposite Titian’s Europa. Although not by Titian, it was painted at precisely the same time that the Europa arrived at the Spanish court.
Sofonisba Anguissola was born into a minor aristocratic family in Cremona, and studied painting under Bernardino Campi. In 1560, she was appointed painter to the new queen of Spain, Isabel de Valois (1546–1568), who had become Philip II’s third wife. She taught the young queen drawing and made numerous portraits of the royal family and members of the court.
The subject of the portrait, Juana of Austria (1535–1573), was a formidable politician and patron of the arts. Daughter of Charles V (she wears a cameo of the emperor in this painting), Juana married Prince Juan of Portugal. After just two years of marriage, Juan died and Juana returned to Spain to become regent while her brother Philip II was in England. Although she was celebrated for her ability in state affairs, Juana thereafter devoted her energies to religious life. In 1557, she founded a monastery, the Descalzas Reales, which became an important center of artistic patronage. This portrait was painted in 1561 for the pope, and was thus meant to show Juana’s religious devotion. The child by her side is probably a young aristocrat under her protection who is being prepared to enter the religious order.
Source: Alan Chong, "Portrait of Juana of Austria with a Young Girl," in Eye of the Beholder, edited by Alan Chong et al. (Boston: ISGM and Beacon Press, 2003): 91.
Sofonisba Anguissola was born into a minor aristocratic family in Cremona, and studied painting under Bernardino Campi. In 1560, she was appointed painter to the new queen of Spain, Isabel de Valois (1546–1568), who had become Philip II’s third wife. She taught the young queen drawing and made numerous portraits of the royal family and members of the court.
The subject of the portrait, Juana of Austria (1535–1573), was a formidable politician and patron of the arts. Daughter of Charles V (she wears a cameo of the emperor in this painting), Juana married Prince Juan of Portugal. After just two years of marriage, Juan died and Juana returned to Spain to become regent while her brother Philip II was in England. Although she was celebrated for her ability in state affairs, Juana thereafter devoted her energies to religious life. In 1557, she founded a monastery, the Descalzas Reales, which became an important center of artistic patronage. This portrait was painted in 1561 for the pope, and was thus meant to show Juana’s religious devotion. The child by her side is probably a young aristocrat under her protection who is being prepared to enter the religious order.
Source: Alan Chong, "Portrait of Juana of Austria with a Young Girl," in Eye of the Beholder, edited by Alan Chong et al. (Boston: ISGM and Beacon Press, 2003): 91.
BibliographyNotesArt Exhibition: Mrs. John L. Gardner, 152 Beacon St., Boston. Exh. cat. (Boston, 1899), p. 4, no. 3. (as Titian, portrait of Anne of Austria and child)
Catalogue. Fenway Court. (Boston, 1903), p. 22. (as Titian, portrait of Anne of Austria and her Mother)
Philip Hendy. Catalogue of Exhibited Paintings and Drawings (Boston, 1931), pp. 96-98. (as Sánchez Coello)
Gilbert Wendel Longstreet and Morris Carter. General Catalogue (Boston, 1935), pp. 228-29. (as Sánchez Coello)
Ronald Hilton. Handbook of Hispanic Source Materials and Research Organizations in the United States (Stanford, California, 1956), p. 195. (as Sánchez Coello)
“Notes, Records, Comments.” Gardner Museum Calendar of Events 8, no. 33 (18 Apr. 1965), p. 2. (as Sánchez Coello)
Philip Hendy. European and American Paintings in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (Boston, 1974), pp. 216-18. (as Sánchez Coello)
Eric Young. "Notes on Spanish Paintings in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum." Fenway Court (1979), pp. 24-35, no. 7. (as follower of Anthonis Mor)
Rollin van N. Hadley (ed.). The Letters of Bernard Berenson and Isabella Stewart Gardner 1887-1924 (Boston, 1987), pp. 48-49, 51-62, 82-83, 86-87, 90-91, 93, 103, 118, 129-30, 147.
Maria Kusche. "Sofonisba Anguissola en España, retratista en la corte de Felipe II junto a Alonso Sanchez Coello y Jorge de la Rua." Archivo Español de arte 62, no. 248 (1989), pp. 402-403, fig. 6. (as Sofonisba Anguissola)
Mina Gregori et. al. Sofonisba Anguissola e le sue sorelle. Exh. cat (Cremona: Centro culturale, 1994), pp. 33, 36-38, 45, 98, 128, 130-131, 135, 137, 141, 145, 151, 246, tav. 4.
Sylvia Ferino-Pagden and Maria Kusche, Sofonisba Anguissola. A Renaissance Woman (Washington: National Museum of Women in the Arts, 1995), frontispiece, p. 66.
Hilliard Goldfarb et al. Italian Paintings and Drawings Before 1800 in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. Unpublished manuscript. (Boston, 1996-2000).
Fernando Checa Cremades. Filepe II: Un Príncipe del Renacimento. Exh. cat. (Madrid: Museo Nacional del Prado, 1998), p. 361, no. 64.
Annemarie Jordan. "Los retratos de Juana de Austria posteriores a 1554: La imagen de una Princesa de Portugal, una Regente de España y una Jesuita." Reales Sitios (Spring 2002), p. 52, ill. p. 49, p. 62 cat. no. 14. (as attributed to Sofonisba Anguissola)
Alan Chong et al. (eds.) Eye of the Beholder: Masterpieces from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (Boston, 2003), pp. 90-91. (as Sofonisba Anguissola)
Helen H. Reed and Trevor J. Dadson. La princesa de Éboli Cautiva del rey: Vida de Ana de Mendoza y de la Cerda 1540-1592 (Madrid, 2015), pp. 161, 164.
Leticia Ruiz. A Tale of Two Women Painters: Sofonisba Anguissola and Lavinia Fontana (Madrid: Museo Nacional del Prado, 2019), pp. 146, 147.
Michael Cole. Sofonisba's Lesson: A Renaissance Artist and Her Work (New Jersey, 2019), p. 127, fig. 89.
Catalogue. Fenway Court. (Boston, 1903), p. 22. (as Titian, portrait of Anne of Austria and her Mother)
Philip Hendy. Catalogue of Exhibited Paintings and Drawings (Boston, 1931), pp. 96-98. (as Sánchez Coello)
Gilbert Wendel Longstreet and Morris Carter. General Catalogue (Boston, 1935), pp. 228-29. (as Sánchez Coello)
Ronald Hilton. Handbook of Hispanic Source Materials and Research Organizations in the United States (Stanford, California, 1956), p. 195. (as Sánchez Coello)
“Notes, Records, Comments.” Gardner Museum Calendar of Events 8, no. 33 (18 Apr. 1965), p. 2. (as Sánchez Coello)
Philip Hendy. European and American Paintings in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (Boston, 1974), pp. 216-18. (as Sánchez Coello)
Eric Young. "Notes on Spanish Paintings in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum." Fenway Court (1979), pp. 24-35, no. 7. (as follower of Anthonis Mor)
Rollin van N. Hadley (ed.). The Letters of Bernard Berenson and Isabella Stewart Gardner 1887-1924 (Boston, 1987), pp. 48-49, 51-62, 82-83, 86-87, 90-91, 93, 103, 118, 129-30, 147.
Maria Kusche. "Sofonisba Anguissola en España, retratista en la corte de Felipe II junto a Alonso Sanchez Coello y Jorge de la Rua." Archivo Español de arte 62, no. 248 (1989), pp. 402-403, fig. 6. (as Sofonisba Anguissola)
Mina Gregori et. al. Sofonisba Anguissola e le sue sorelle. Exh. cat (Cremona: Centro culturale, 1994), pp. 33, 36-38, 45, 98, 128, 130-131, 135, 137, 141, 145, 151, 246, tav. 4.
Sylvia Ferino-Pagden and Maria Kusche, Sofonisba Anguissola. A Renaissance Woman (Washington: National Museum of Women in the Arts, 1995), frontispiece, p. 66.
Hilliard Goldfarb et al. Italian Paintings and Drawings Before 1800 in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. Unpublished manuscript. (Boston, 1996-2000).
Fernando Checa Cremades. Filepe II: Un Príncipe del Renacimento. Exh. cat. (Madrid: Museo Nacional del Prado, 1998), p. 361, no. 64.
Annemarie Jordan. "Los retratos de Juana de Austria posteriores a 1554: La imagen de una Princesa de Portugal, una Regente de España y una Jesuita." Reales Sitios (Spring 2002), p. 52, ill. p. 49, p. 62 cat. no. 14. (as attributed to Sofonisba Anguissola)
Alan Chong et al. (eds.) Eye of the Beholder: Masterpieces from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (Boston, 2003), pp. 90-91. (as Sofonisba Anguissola)
Helen H. Reed and Trevor J. Dadson. La princesa de Éboli Cautiva del rey: Vida de Ana de Mendoza y de la Cerda 1540-1592 (Madrid, 2015), pp. 161, 164.
Leticia Ruiz. A Tale of Two Women Painters: Sofonisba Anguissola and Lavinia Fontana (Madrid: Museo Nacional del Prado, 2019), pp. 146, 147.
Michael Cole. Sofonisba's Lesson: A Renaissance Artist and Her Work (New Jersey, 2019), p. 127, fig. 89.
MarksNotesSeventeen red seals on the vertical stretcher members have all been crushed and flattened.
Painted on the reverse of the original canvas (upper left corner): 1132
Painted on the reverse of the original canvas (upper left corner): 1132
ProvenanceNotes
Commissioned for Pope Pius IV (Giovanni Angelo Medici, 1495–1565) in 1561.
Collection of Marchese Fabrizio Paolucci di Calboli, Forli.
Purchased by Isabella Stewart Gardner in the summer of 1897 for between £15,000-20,000 through Bernard Berenson (1865–1959), American art historian. (as Titian, Portrait of Maria of Austria)
Object/Provenance
